UNIT-I
Introduction to OS: What Operating Systems do?, Computer System Organization,
Computer System Architecture, Uni programming and Multi Programming, Process
Management, Memory Management, Storage Management, Distributed Systems, SpecialPurpose Systems, Computing Environments.
System Structures: Operating Systems Services, System Calls, Types of System Calls,
System Programs, Operating Systems Structures.

UNIT-II
Process Management: Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Operations on Processes, InterProcess Communication (IPC).
Process Scheduling: Basic Concepts, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms- FCFS,
SJF, Priority, Round Robin, Operating Systems Examples.
Introduction to Threads: Single and Multithreaded Process, Benefits, Multithreading Models,
Threading Issues.

UNIT- III
Process Coordination: Synchronization, Background, The Critical-Section Problem,
Peterson‘s Solution, Synchronization Hardware, Semaphores, Classical Problems of
Synchronization, Monitors.
Deadlocks: System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Methods for Handling Deadlocks,
Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock Avoidance, Deadlock Detection, Recovery from Deadlocks,
Operating Systems Examples.

UNIT-IV
Memory Management: Background, Swapping, Contiguous Memory Allocation, Paging,
Segmentation.
Virtual Memory Management: Background, Demand Paging, Page Replacement, Page
Replacement Algorithms- FIFO, Optimal, LRU, allocation of Frames, Thrashing, Operating
Systems Examples.
File Systems: File Concepts, Directory Concepts, File System ImplementationImplementation of Files, Implementation of Directories, Shared Files.

UNIT- V
Protection & Security: Protection: Definition, Protection Mechanisms, Protection
Domains, Protection Matrix, Access Control Lists, Capabilities, Various Authentication
Techniques, Insider attacks.
Security: Threats, Intruders, Accidental Data Loss, Basics of Cryptography- Secret Key and
Public Key Cryptography, One-Way Functions, Digital Signatures, Trusted Platform Module.