UNIT I
STRUCTURE OF METALS: Classification of Materials – Engineering properties of
Materials, Bonds in Solids – Metallic bond – Crystallization of Metals, Grain and Grain
boundaries, Effect of grain boundaries on the properties of metal / alloys – Determination of
grain size
CONSTITUTION OF ALLOYS: Necessity of alloying, Types of solid solutions, Hume
Rothery’s rules, Intermediate alloy phases, and Electron compounds.

UNIT II
EQUILIBRIUM OF DIAGRAMS – Experimental methods of construction of equilibrium
diagrams, Isomorphous alloy systems, Equilibrium cooling and heating of alloys, Lever rule,
Coring miscibility gaps, Eutectic systems, Congruent melting intermediate phases, Peritectic
reaction.
TRANSFORMATIONS in the solid state – Allotropy, Eutectoid, Peritectoid reactions,
Phase rule, Relationship between equilibrium diagrams and properties of alloys. Study of
important binary phase diagrams of Cu-Ni-, Al-Cu, and Fe-Fe3C

UNIT III
CAST IRONS AND STEELS: Structure and properties of White Cast iron, Malleable Cast
iron, Grey cast iron, Spheriodal graphite cast iron, Alloy cast irons. Classification of steels,
Structure and properties of plain carbon steels, Low alloy steels, Hadfield manganese steels,
Tool and die steels.

NON-FERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS: Structure and properties of copper and its
alloys, Aluminum and its alloys, Titanium and its alloys.

UNIT IV
HEAT TREATMENT OF ALLOYS: Effect of alloying elements on Iron – Iron carbon
system, Annealing, Normalizing, Hardening, TTT diagrams, Tempering, Hardenability,
Surface hardening methods, Age hardening treatment, Cryogenic treatment of alloys.
HEAT TREATMENT of plastics, Fracture Mechanism. Mechanical properties of materials
& fracture.

UNIT V
CERAMIC MATERIALS: Crystalline ceramics, Glasses, Cermet, Polymeric Materials
COMPOSITE MATERIALS: Classification of composites, Various methods of component
manufacture of composites, Particle – Reinforced materials, Fiber reinforced materials,
Polymer composites, Metal ceramic mixtures, Metal – Matrix composites and Carbon –
Carbon composites.

TEXT BOOKS:
1.Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, Sidney H. Avner, US, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2nd
Edition, 2007.
2.Physical Metallurgy, Raghavan V, Prentice – Hall of India Private Limited, 2nd Edition
2006.
3.Engineering Materials and Metallurgy, R.K.Rajput, S.Chand, 1st Editon,2008.

REFERENCES:
1.A Text Book of Material Science and Metallurgy for Engineers, Dr.Kodgiri And
Susheel Kodgiri Everest Publishing House, 37th Edition, 2007.
2.Mechanical Metallurgy, Dieter, G. E., McGraw Hill, Singapore, 2012.
3.Material Science and Metallurgy, Kodgire, V.D, Everest Publishing House, 12th
Edition 2002.
4.A Text Book of Material Science and Metallurgy, O.P Khanna, M.Lal., Danpath Rai Publications, 5th Edition, 2001.