UNIT I
Fluid Properties: Dimensions and units – Definition of a fluid – Physical properties of fluidsDensity,Specific weight, Specific volume, Specific gravity, Compressibility, Vapour
pressure, Surface tension and capillarity and Viscosity.
Fluid Statics: Pascal‘s law, Pressure variation in a static fluid – Atmospheric, gauge and
absolute pressures, Measurement of pressure – Piezometer – U–tube and inverted U–tube
manometers and Bourdon‘s pressure gauge, Hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surfaces,Center of pressure.
UNIT II
Fluid Kinematics: Types of flow – Streamline – Streak line – Path line – Stream tube –
Control volume – Continuity equation in one and three dimensional forms – Stream function
and velocity potential function – Flow net – Acceleration of a fluid particle – Local and
convective accelerations – Tangential and normal accelerations.
Fluid Dynamics: Euler‘s equation of motion along a streamline – Bernoulli‘s energy
equation – Energy correction factor – Impulse–momentum equation – Momentum correctionfactor – Force on a bend – Energy gradient line – Hydraulic gradient line – Analysis of freeliquid jets – Forced vortex and free vortex.
UNIT III
Analysis of Pipe Flow: Reynold‘s experiment – Reynold‘s number – Minor losses in pipe
flow – Darcy–Weisbach 1equation – Variation of friction Factor – Moody‘s chart – Pipes in
series – Pipes in parallel, Boundary Layer Theory.
Flow Measurement: Velocity measurement by Pitot tube and Pitot static tube – Discharge
measurement by Venturimeter and orifice meter – Orifices and mouthpieces
UNIT IV
Dimensional Analysis And Similitude: Introduction, dimensions; dimensional
homogeneity; Methods of dimensional analysis- Rayleigh‘s method; Buckingham – Pi
theorem. Similitude – Types of Similarities. Model Laws.
UNIT V
HYDRAULIC TURBINES: Elements of hydroelectric power plants- Heads and efficiencies
of turbines – Classification of turbines –Pelton Wheel-Modern Francis turbine – Kaplan
turbine. Main components and working principle- Expressions for work done and efficiency
– Working proportions and design of each.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS: Classification and types of pumps – Components and working
of a centrifugal pump – Work done by the impeller– Heads and efficiencies – Net positive
suction head(NPSH)- Priming – Priming devices – Minimum starting speed – Multistage
pumps – Pumps in series and parallel – Submersible pumps – Limiting suction head –
Cavitation – Expression for specific speed.